![]() ![]() Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.But “I never really doubted that we could do it. “I felt happy at the end that it was proved feasible, and that the 132-pound log we shared was off our necks,” says Wilson, now a medical student at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora. The entire trek took almost 10 hours, and the weight of the full timber only slightly slowed the duo’s pace. The 60-kilogram log was 2.5 meters long and 24 centimeters in diameter. On the final day, the pair walked 25 kilometers while carrying a ponderosa pine that had been air-dried, which is how the people of Chaco may have prepared timbers. Strangers who passed by couldn’t hide their confusion. To see if tumpline timber transportation was humanly possible, Kram and Wilson trained for three months during the summer of 2020, gradually increasing their load weight and walk duration. While there is no evidence that the people of Chaco used tumplines to haul timbers, there is proof that they used them to transport other items, like water vessels. ![]() Wilson (left) and Kram (right) give their heads a break by resting their timber on T-shaped wooden sticks called tokma, inspired by those used by Nepali porters. A tumpline is placed on the crown of the head - to be in line with the cervical spine - with the attached cargo resting on the small of the back. They are still widely used to carry heavy loads, such as by professional porters in Nepal. ![]() These head straps have been found on every inhabited continent and are thought to have been used since at least around 2,000 years ago. He and Wilson proposed that tumplines could have been used to transport the timbers. “As soon as we figured out that the weight was reasonable, I wanted to carry them,” Kram says. This revelation led to a 2022 study recalculating the masses of the Chaco Canyon timbers as between 85 and 140 kilograms. He then extrapolated that a 5-meter-long timber would be closer to 90 kilograms. In 2016, he cut a section of a tree outside of his house - ponderosa pine, the same species used in Chaco - and weighed it on his bathroom scale. But Kram suspected this number couldn’t be correct. Scientists are puzzled by how the ancient people, ancestors of modern-day Diné and Pueblo peoples, moved the large timbers.Ī 1986 study suggested that each log used as a beam had a mass of 275 kilograms. Load-pulling animals and wheels weren’t there at the time, and the timbers don’t appear to have been dragged. John Elk III/The Image Bank/Getty Images Plusīut the wood came from forests more than 75 kilometers away ( SN: 9/26/01). The ruins of this great house in Chaco Culture National Historical Park in New Mexico are part of Pueblo Bonito, a complex considered the center of Chacoan society. The site contained at least 200,000 timbers of this size. Multistoried stone buildings called great houses had roofs with timber beams about 5 meters long and 22 centimeters in diameter. Located in the northwest corner of New Mexico, Chaco Canyon is home to grand structures built between A.D. By the end of the day, their successful journey suggested that it would have taken just a few days for three people with tumplines to carry a full-size timber to Chaco, Kram, Wilson and colleagues reported on February 22 in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. The pair was about to embark on a 25-kilometer trek to replicate how the ancient people of Chaco Canyon may have transported timber around 1,000 years ago ( SN: 5/17/17). ![]()
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